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Real-time Bidding Definition

Real Time Bidding(RTB)  refers to the buying and selling of online ad impressions through real-time auctions that occur in the time it takes a webpage to load. Those auctions are often facilitated by ad exchanges or supply-side platforms. Real-time bidding has changed the face of online advertising.

As an ad impression loads in a user’s Web browser, information about the page it is on and the user viewing it is passed to an ad exchange, which auctions it off to the advertiser willing to pay the highest price for it. The winning bidder’s ad is then loaded into the webpage instantly.

Advertisers typically use demand-side platforms to help them decide which ad impressions to purchase and how much to bid on them based on a variety of factors, such as the sites they appear on and the previous behavior of the users loading them. The price of impressions is determined in real time based on what buyers are willing to pay, hence the name “real-time bidding.”

The advent of RTB has enabled advertizers to efficiently target their ads to specific users instead of using websites as a proxy for their ads. Thanks to RTB, ad buyers no longer need to work directly with publishers or ad networks to negotiate ad prices and to traffic ads. Using exchanges and other ad tech, they can access a huge range of inventory across a wide range of sites and cherry-pick only the impressions they deem most valuable to them. This minimizes the number of impressions wasted on the wrong users as well as the need for costly and unreliable human ad buyers.

Some major publishers are wary of RTB because they feel it enables advertisers to pay them less for their inventory. However, exchanges and supply-side platforms are enabling them to control the minimum prices at which their inventory is sold, often called price floors. This enables publishers to open their ads up to an auction, but to set a reserve price that must be met for a transaction to take place.

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